Austrian pine phenolics are likely contributors to systemic induced resistance against Diplodia pinea

Austrian pine phenolics are likely contributors to systemic induced resistance against Diplodia pinea.

The molecular basis of the systemic induced resistance (SIR) phenotype known to occur in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) in response to the tip blight and canker pathogen Diplodia pinea (Desm.) remains unclear. Specialized metabolites such as phenolics are considered to be an important component of plant defense, including SIR, but the antimicrobial activity of many of these putative de...

High-resolution melting analysis: a new molecular approach for the early detection of Diplodia pinea in Austrian pine.

The differentiation of Diplodia pinea from closely related species, such as Diplodia scrobiculata and Diplodia seriata, and its detection in plant tissue, represented a critical issue for a long time. Molecular screening tools have recently been developed to address this topic. In this study we applied one of the most sensitive and rapid diagnostic screening method so far developed, called High...

Systemic induction of phloem secondary metabolism and its relationship to resistance to a canker pathogen in Austrian pine.

The mechanisms and conditions affecting expression of systemic induced resistance (SIR) in pine are not clearly understood. Two hypotheses were tested here: that SIR against a pathogen induced by either a pathogen or an insect involves coordinated shifts in phloem secondary metabolism; and that fertility affects the production of these compounds. To test these hypotheses, a tripartite system wa...

Food Taxes: How Likely Are Likely Effects?

Diverse sources of infection and cryptic recombination revealed in South African Diplodia pinea populations.

This study considers the population diversity and structure of Diplodia pinea in South Africa at different spatial scales from single trees to plantations, as well as comparing infections on healthy and diseased trees. A total of 236 isolates were characterized using 13 microsatellite markers. Analysis of these markers confirmed previous results that D. pinea has a high level of gene and genoty...